Professional education on STOMP in community

Professional education on STOMP in community

Shek-Ming Leung, our psychiatric pharmacist and lecturer, gave a talk to social workers, nurses, and other frontline staff from various associations about the implementation of Stopping over medication of people with a learning disability and autistic people (STOMP) at Hong Kong, in collaboration with the Mental Health Association of Hong Kong (MHAHK).

LinkedIn post:
https://www.linkedin.com/posts/activity-7394316551992004608-JRHe?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop&rcm=ACoAAFl5DqQBt3w1SKX8B8Z2w02OVzEeH_Eq_EI

報刊專欄 (am730) -藥物管理服務：社區藥劑師為用藥安全護航

報刊專欄 (am730) -藥物管理服務：社區藥劑師為用藥安全護航

不少人配藥回家後便將藥袋放進櫃裡，只按時吃藥，卻很少細看藥名、劑量與用途。部分患者同時求診多位醫生，不知不覺重複服用成分相同的藥物；有人為追求療效自行加量，或同時服用中草藥與西藥，潛在風險就在不經意間累積。

社區藥劑師透過「藥物管理服務」，協助市民全面檢視用藥情況，特別是長期病患者或同時服用多種藥物的人士。藥劑師會收集患者現正服用的所有藥物記錄，包括處方藥、非處方藥、中藥及保健品，逐一核對藥物成分、劑量與用法，並評估用藥的有效性、依從性與安全性。他們會評估是否有重複處方、劑量過高或不足，或與其他藥物、食物甚至中草藥產生相互作用，同時考慮患者的病歷、肝腎功能與生活習慣。

當發現潛在風險，藥劑師會向患者解釋並提出用藥建議；如有需要，會與醫生溝通，商討是否需要按情況進行監測或安排檢查，或者調整相關藥物。他們亦會用簡明易懂的方式，向患者講解藥物用途、副作用、正確服用時間及漏服後的處理方法，並在需要時安排跟進。

這項服務有助及早識別藥物潛在的風險並處理用藥問題，例如重複用藥、劑量不當、藥物相互作用、非必要用藥，以及因肝腎功能變化而未調整劑量等。服務讓患者更清楚自己的用藥情況，並在專業建議下作出更合適的選擇。

了解和正確使用藥物，是安全治療的重要一步。藥物管理服務有助長期病患者或同時服用多種藥物的人士更全面地檢視用藥，由藥劑師協助辨識潛在風險，從而提升用藥安全。

Medication Management Services: Community Pharmacists Enhance Safe Medication Use

After collecting prescribed medications from the pharmacy, many people simply store the medication bags in a cupboard, taking them as instructed but rarely checking the names, dosages, or intended purposes of each medication. Some patients receive treatment from several doctors and may inadvertently take different medications containing the same active ingredient. Others may increase their dosage in pursuit of better results, or combine Chinese herbal remedies with Western medications, all of which can quietly accumulating potential risks.

Community pharmacists provide Medication Management Services to help the public review their overall medication use, particularly for patients with chronic conditions or who take multiple medications at the same time. Pharmacists gather a complete list of all medications a patient is currently taking, including prescription drugs, over-the-counter products, Chinese herbal medicines, and health supplements. They carefully check the ingredients, dosage, and administration instructions for each item, while assessing the effectiveness, adherence, and safety of the treatment plan.

During the review, pharmacists identify possible issues such as duplicate prescriptions, inappropriate dosages, or possible interactions with other medications, food, or herbal products. They also consider the patient’s medical history, liver and kidney function, and lifestyle factors. Where a potential risk is identified, the pharmacist explains the situation to the patient and provides recommendations. If necessary, they communicate with the patient’s doctor to decide whether monitoring, investigations, or adjustments to the medication are required. Pharmacists also offer clear and understandable explanations on the purpose of each medication, possible side effects, correct timing of doses, and what to do if a dose is missed. Follow-up appointments can be arranged when appropriate.

This service enables early identification of medication-related risks and helps address issues such as duplication, inappropriate dosages, potential drug interactions, unnecessary medications, and dosages not tailored to reflect changes in liver or kidney function. Patients gain a clearer understanding of their own medication use and are better equipped to make informed decisions with the support of a healthcare professional.

Understanding and using medications correctly is a vital step towards safe and effective treatment. For people living with chronic diseases or managing complex treatment plans, Medication Management Services offer a valuable opportunity to review their medications comprehensively, with pharmacists helping to detect potential risks and enhance medication safety.

羅潔琦
香港大學李嘉誠醫學院
藥理及藥劑學系藥劑師

<刊載於《am730》>
https://www.med.hku.hk/zh-hk/media/knowledge-exchange/newspaper-columns/2025/nov/am730_20251110

Epilepsy talk for the community

Epilepsy talk for the community

Our lecturer and pharmacist, Shek-Ming Leung, gave a talk on epilepsy, for The Hong Kong Joint Council of Parents of the Mentally Handicapped.

LinkedIn post:
https://www.linkedin.com/posts/activity-7391459278747881473-q-Ls?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop&rcm=ACoAAFl5DqQBt3w1SKX8B8Z2w02OVzEeH_Eq_EI

Community pharmacy medication management service elderly support collaboration overview
服務分享會花絮：攜手推動社區藥物管理與長者健康—跨專業合作提升健康福祉

Community pharmacy medication management service elderly support collaboration overview
服務分享會花絮：攜手推動社區藥物管理與長者健康—跨專業合作提升健康福祉

Community pharmacists, social workers, and service organizations collaborated in a recent sharing session to enhance understanding and delivery of medication management and community pharmacy services for the elderly, focusing on personalized support, interdisciplinary cooperation, and improving health outcomes.

LinkedIn Post: https://www.linkedin.com/posts/the-hong-kong-council-of-social-service_ocjkwxnphnkfmiplnl-lyuhtsmjjjpj-hkcss-activity-7390951172506845184-e6YQ?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop&rcm=ACoAADKn_4wBgyJv0rhC8TxI61bEz9gH5lSIB2Y

報刊專欄 (am730) -社區藥劑師：戒煙路上的專業夥伴

報刊專欄 (am730) -社區藥劑師：戒煙路上的專業夥伴

戒煙對健康的好處毋庸置疑。研究證實，停止吸煙24小時內血壓心率會回落，數週內肺功能會改善，長期更可大幅降低癌症、心臟病及中風的風險。然而，尼古丁成癮加上心理依賴，令不少煙民屢戒屢敗。社區藥劑師正成為戒煙者最可靠的後盾。

社區藥劑師會詳細評估戒煙者的吸煙習慣、戒斷症狀，配合個人動機與生活模式，制定度身訂做的用藥計劃。戒煙治療並無標準方案，必須根據每人對尼古丁的依賴程度，以及身體狀況來調整劑量與療程，以達致平衡療效與安全。

市面上的尼古丁替代療法包括貼片、香口膠、口含糖，能有效紓緩戒斷症狀。某些處方藥如瓦倫尼克林（Varenicline）或安非他酮（Bupropion）亦可在醫生處方下使用。 社區藥劑師協助選擇合適劑型，教導正確使用技巧，並根據戒斷進展調整用藥方案，適時轉介予其他醫護人員作跟進。

藥物相互作用監察是藥劑師重要的職責。吸煙會加速某些藥物如部份精神科藥物的代謝，影響療效。藥劑師會檢視戒煙者的用藥記錄，與醫生溝通調整處方。戒煙後，因身體處理藥物速度回復正常，有些藥物需減量，防止副作用。

社區藥房作為無需預約的醫療接觸點，藥劑師能在服務使用者配發感冒藥或血壓藥時，留意其吸煙習慣並適時開展對話，這種觸發往往成為踏出戒煙第一步的關鍵契機。

隨著基層醫療發展，藥劑師不再僅是配藥者，更是健康守護者。社區藥劑師運用專業知識，為每位戒煙者度身打造最佳方案，平衡療效與安全。

「戒煙永遠不會太遲。」走出煙霧，迎向健康，社區藥劑師與你同行。

Community Pharmacists: Professional Partners on the Journey to Quit Smoking

The health benefits of quitting smoking are indisputable. Research shows that within 24 hours of cessation, blood pressure and heart rate begin to decrease; lung function improves within weeks; and over the long term, the risk of cancer, heart disease, and stroke significantly declines. However, nicotine addiction combined with psychological dependence makes it difficult for many smokers to quit repeatedly. Community pharmacists are becoming the most reliable support for those trying to quit.

Community pharmacists conduct comprehensive assessments of smokers' habits and withdrawal symptoms, tailoring medication plans based on individual motivations and lifestyles. There is no standard treatment for smoking cessation; it must be adjusted according to each person's level of nicotine dependence and physical condition to achieve a balance of efficacy and safety.

Available nicotine replacement therapies (NRT) include patches, gum, and lozenges, which effectively alleviate withdrawal symptoms. Certain prescription medications like Varenicline or Bupropion can also be used under a doctor's prescription. Community pharmacists assist in selecting the appropriate dosage form, teach correct usage techniques, and adjust NRT regimen based on withdrawal progress, timely referring patients to other healthcare professionals for follow-up.

Monitoring drug interactions is an essential responsibility of pharmacists. Smoking accelerates the metabolism of certain medications, such as some psychiatric drugs, affecting their safety and efficacy. Pharmacists review the medication records of those attempting to quit and communicate with doctors to adjust prescriptions. After quitting, as the body's ability to metabolize drugs returns to normal, some medications may require dosage reduction to prevent side effects.

As accessible healthcare points without the need for appointments, community pharmacies enable pharmacists to observe smoking habits while dispensing cold or blood pressure medications, initiating conversations that can be pivotal in taking the first step towards quitting.

With the development of primary healthcare, pharmacists are no longer just dispensers of medications; they are guardians of health. Utilizing their professional knowledge, community pharmacists create personalized plans for each individual looking to quit smoking, balancing efficacy and safety.

"It’s never too late to quit." Step out of the smoke and into health; community pharmacists are here to walk this journey with you.

張德琳
香港大學李嘉誠醫學院
藥理及藥劑學系藥劑師

<刊載於《am730》>
https://www.med.hku.hk/zh-hk/media/knowledge-exchange/newspaper-columns/2025/nov/am730_20251103

報刊專欄 (am730) -流感疫苗：守護健康第一道防線！

報刊專欄 (am730) -流感疫苗：守護健康第一道防線！

最近一宗涉及一名13歲女童不幸感染乙型流感併發腦病變、心肌炎及休克而最後病逝的個案，再次喚起市民應盡早接種季節性流感疫苗的重要。

每年秋冬，隨天氣轉涼，流感病毒逐漸活躍起來，帶來傳染與併發症的風險。常見症狀包括急性發燒、流鼻水、咳嗽、喉嚨痛、頭痛、全身乏力、肌肉及關節痛等，嚴重情況更可出現併發症，包括肺炎、敗血症、腦炎、心肌炎，甚至死亡。

預防勝於治療，接種季節性流感疫苗能安全有效地預防流感及其併發症。通常建議在每年秋天接種，讓身體有足夠時間產生免疫力(大概為接種疫苗後約兩星期)。有些人會問，為何要每年接種疫苗？

流感病毒會不斷發生基因變異，當流感病毒出現「抗原漂移」(輕微改變)，便會產生新的病毒株，當中並沒有規律可預測。因此，每年世衛會收集不同地區傳播中的流感病毒資料，並建議流感季節應採用的流感疫苗組合，讓藥廠有足夠時間生產合適的疫苗。一般而言，所有年滿6個月或以上的人士都應接種流感疫苗，以保障自己及身邊的親友(除個別有已知禁忌症的人士外)；而對於感染風險較高或容易出現併發症的人士，例如長者、兒童、孕婦、慢性病患者、醫護人員、安老院舍護理人員和家禽從業員，疫苗接種更加重要。接種後最常見的副作用多為輕微不適，例如注射部位紅腫和疼痛、疲勞、肌肉疼痛和輕微的發燒，一般來說，這些反應輕微和短暫，並會在數天內消退。

目前，醫院、診所及地區康健中心都有提供季節性流感疫苗接種服務。借鑑外國基層醫療的發展模式，社區藥劑師會與醫生和護士合作提供疫苗接種服務，透過跨專業團隊提升市民對疫苗接種的認知、信心及可及性。展望將來，基層醫療的發展繼續透過醫生、護士、藥劑師及其他醫療專業共同協作，攜手邁向一個更加健康、充滿活力的社會。

Influenza Vaccination: Protecting Your Health

Recently, a 13-year-old girl was infected with influenza B and complicated by encephalopathy, myocarditis, and shock, ultimately passed away. This alerts the general populace on the importance of early seasonal influenza vaccination.

When the weather turns cooler in every winter, influenza viruses become more active, bringing risks of transmission and complications. Common symptoms of influenza infection include high fever, runny nose, cough, sore throat, headache, fatigue, muscle and joint pains. In severe cases, complications such as pneumonia, sepsis, encephalitis, myocarditis, and even death can occur.

Vaccination is always a key to combat potential outbreak. Receiving the seasonal influenza vaccine safely and effectively helps prevent influenza and its complications. It is generally recommended to receive the flu vaccination as earlier as possible so that there is about two weeks' time for the body to develop immunity.

Is it necessary to get vaccinated every year? Yes, it is because influenza viruses constantly undergo genetic mutation. It is unpredictable that new strains emerge when the virus undergoes "antigenic drift" (minor changes). The World Health Organization collects influenza virus data from different countries and cities each year and recommends the composition of the influenza vaccine for the upcoming flu season, giving vaccine manufacturers sufficient time to manufacture appropriate vaccines.

In general, all individuals aged 6 months and above are advised to get vaccinated to protect themselves and those around them (except for those with known contraindications). This is particularly important for high-risk groups such as the elderly, children, pregnant women, individuals with chronic illnesses, healthcare workers, care staff in elderly homes, and poultry workers. The most common side effects are injection site reaction, fatigue, muscle pain and low-grade fever. These reactions are usually mild and self-limiting and tend to resolve within a few days.

Currently, seasonal influenza vaccines are available at hospitals, clinics, and District Health Centres. In many overseas primary healthcare models, multidisciplinary team including pharmacists, doctors and nurses work collaboratively to provide vaccination services, which enhances public awareness, reduce hesitance, and improve accessibility regarding influenza vaccination. Therefore, promoting interprofessional collaboration in Hong Kong could transform primary healthcare, fostering a healthier society through consorted efforts.

李家豪
香港大學李嘉誠醫學院
藥理及藥劑學系藥劑師

<刊載於《am730》>
https://www.med.hku.hk/zh-hk/media/knowledge-exchange/newspaper-columns/2025/oct/am730_20251027

報刊專欄 (am730) -化療不再噁心　緩解嘔吐解密

報刊專欄 (am730) -化療不再噁心　緩解嘔吐解密

化療是許多癌症患者治療的重要方法，然而，這治療同時伴隨許多副作用，其中最常見且令人困擾的便是噁心與嘔吐。這些症狀不僅影響患者的身體健康，更嚴重影響生活質素，甚至導致治療的中斷或劑量調整。因此，理解噁心與嘔吐的成因，以及如何有效管理，對於提高癌症患者的治療體驗具有重要意義。

化療藥物會刺激中樞神經系統中的嘔吐中樞或激活腸道中的血清素受體，進而引發噁心與嘔吐反應。不同的化療藥物由於作用機制、劑量、給藥方式及組合不同，產生噁心與嘔吐的風險也有所不同。此外，患者的心理因素、焦慮狀態，以及個人體質也會影響其對化療副作用的敏感度。

近年來，抗嘔吐藥物的研發和臨床應用大大改善了患者的治療體驗。有許多類型的抗嘔吐藥物都能預防或緩解噁心和嘔吐的症狀，以下列出常用的藥物：

• 5-HT3受體拮抗劑：阻斷血清素受體，有效控制即時性噁心與嘔吐。
• NK1受體拮抗劑：針對延遲性噁心與嘔吐，尤其對高致吐性化療藥物(如順鉑)效果顯著。
• 類固醇：常與其他抗嘔吐藥併用，增強效果。
• 抗精神病藥物：能阻斷多個引起噁心與嘔吐的神經通路，特別適用於高致吐風險的化療藥物。
• 鎮靜劑或抗焦慮藥物：適用於預期性噁心與嘔吐，幫助緩解心理壓力。

此外，非藥物輔助措施也有效幫助緩解化療引起的噁心與嘔吐。例如，飲食方面建議小量多餐，避免油膩、刺激性或氣味強烈的食物，以減少腸胃負擔。放鬆技巧如深呼吸、冥想和聽輕音樂也有助減少焦慮，進而降低預期性噁心的發生。這些方法可作為藥物治療的輔助，為患者提供全方位的紓緩方案。

噁心與嘔吐的程度會因治療計劃和個人差異而不同，但幸運的是，有多種經驗證有效的藥物可以幫助緩解這些副作用，讓化療過程更舒適。

林珮珊博士
香港大學李嘉誠醫學院
藥理及藥劑學系講師

<刊載於《am730》>
https://www.med.hku.hk/zh-hk/media/knowledge-exchange/newspaper-columns/2025/oct/am730_20251020

Advancing Allergy Care Beyond Borders: HKUMed Pharmacists Lead Symposium and Launch Community Penicillin Delabelling Service

Advancing Allergy Care Beyond Borders: HKUMed Pharmacists Lead Symposium and Launch Community Penicillin Delabelling Service

HKUMed Community Pharmacy pharmacists, Jacky Chung and Cynthia Wu, shared expert insights on drug allergy at Allergy Convention 2025.

LinkedIn Post: https://www.linkedin.com/posts/activity-7388349041979318272-XnHZ?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop&rcm=ACoAADKn_4wBgyJv0rhC8TxI61bEz9gH5lSIB2Y

報刊專欄 (am730) -智障及自閉症患者的合理用藥之道
Newspaper Article (am730) - The Rational Use of Psychotropics for People with Intellectual Disabilities and Autism

報刊專欄 (am730) -智障及自閉症患者的合理用藥之道
Newspaper Article (am730) - The Rational Use of Psychotropics for People with Intellectual Disabilities and Autism

智障及自閉症患者的合理用藥之道

智障人士及自閉症患者的挑戰性行為處理一直備受關注。英國於2016年推行的STOMP（停止過度使用精神科藥物於學習障礙（亦稱智力障礙）、自閉症或兩者兼具的人士）計劃，為醫療團隊提供重要指導。

STOMP的核心是防止精神科藥物在缺乏明確精神健康診斷下被過度使用。研究顯示，精神科藥物對智障人士挑戰性行為缺乏有力的科學證據。而藥物可能帶來副作用，如嗜睡、體重增加、肺炎、跌倒及骨折的風險。鎮靜劑更有可能惡化暴力行為。另外，精神科藥物用於有目的性的主動暴力通常效果不佳。

什麼情況才可考慮服用精神科藥物處理行為？STOMP要求滿足三個條件：心理治療或非藥物療法未能改善行為、已治療其他健康問題或不適（如便秘，疼痛，失眠，皮疹）後仍無法改善、行為對自己或他人造成極高風險。

即使用藥，也須遵循嚴格原則：結合心理療法、使用最低有效劑量、只處方一種藥物；並定時評估成效及副作用、儘量短期使用、以及定期檢討停藥可行性。

非藥物療法非常重要。正向行為支持是處理挑戰性行為有科學證據支持的方法，通過了解行為原因，制定個人化支持計劃，有效減少挑戰性行為。

許多智障或自閉症人士都可在跨專業團隊監督下逐步減藥。減藥過程可能出現暫時性停藥反應，如失眠、焦慮，這些反應通常會自行消退。照顧者亦扮演關鍵角色，需客觀記錄行為變化、監測副作用改善、確保非藥物療法持續實施。

STOMP提醒我們，藥物並非處理挑戰性行為的唯一選擇。通過合理使用藥物、強化非藥物療法，能提升智障人士及自閉症患者的生活質素。

梁碩鳴
香港大學李嘉誠醫學院
藥理及藥劑學系講師

<刊載於《am730》>

The Rational Use of Psychotropics for People with Intellectual Disabilities and Autism

Managing challenging behaviours in individuals with intellectual disabilities and autism has long been a concern. In 2016, the UK introduced the STOMP programme (Stop Overmedication of People with Learning Disabilities, Autism, or both), which provides important guidance for healthcare teams.

The core of STOMP is to prevent the excessive use of psychiatric medications in the absence of a clear mental health diagnosis. Research shows that there is no strong scientific evidence supporting the use of psychiatric drugs to treat challenging behaviours in people with intellectual disabilities. Furthermore, these medications may cause side effects including drowsiness, weight gain, pneumonia, an increased risk of falls and fractures. Benzodiazepines may even worsen violent behaviours. In addition, psychiatric drugs are generally ineffective for purposeful, proactive aggression.

When should psychiatric medication be considered for behavioural management? STOMP outlines three criteria: psychological therapy or non-drug interventions have failed to improve behaviour; any other health problems or discomforts (such as constipation, pain, insomnia, rashes) have been treated without improvement; and the behaviour poses a very high risk to the individual or others.

Even when drugs are used, strict principles must be followed: combine them with psychological therapy; use the lowest effective dose; prescribe only one medication at a time; regularly assess effectiveness and side effects; limit use to the shortest necessary duration; and review the possibility of stopping treatment at regular intervals.

Non-drug interventions are critically important. Positive Behaviour Support—a method backed by scientific evidence—manages challenging behaviours by uncovering their underlying causes and creating individualized support plans, which can effectively reduce such behaviours.

Many individuals with intellectual disabilities or autism can gradually reduce medication under the supervision of a multidisciplinary team. Withdrawal of medication may cause temporary discontinuation symptoms such as insomnia or anxiety, which often resolve naturally. Caregivers also play a key role by objectively recording behavioural changes, monitoring improvements in side effects, and ensuring continued implementation of non-drug approaches.

STOMP reminds us that medication is not the only option for managing challenging behaviours. By using psychotropics rationally and strengthening non-drug therapies, we can improve the quality of life of people with intellectual disabilities and autism.

Mr. Leung Shek Ming
Lecturer
Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy
Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine
The University of Hong Kong

https://www.med.hku.hk/zh-hk/media/knowledge-exchange/newspaper-columns/2025/oct/am730_202510

報刊專欄 (am730) -培訓藥劑師協助疫苗接種　共同守護社區健康

報刊專欄 (am730) -培訓藥劑師協助疫苗接種　共同守護社區健康

每當秋冬來臨，流感病毒便開始活躍，接種疫苗是保護自己和家人的最佳方法。新冠疫情更讓我們深刻體會到，一個高效、便捷的疫苗接種網絡對守護公共衛生何其重要。環顧全球，在英國、美國、加拿大等許多發達國家，社區藥劑師早已成為提供疫苗接種服務的中堅力量。試想一下，假如你可以到住所附近的社區藥房，由熟悉的藥劑師為你輕鬆接種流感疫苗，毋須特地請假或長時間輪候，這將會為生活帶來多大的便利？

目前，這個情景在香港尚未實現，但我們正朝著這個方向邁出堅實的一步。為了實現此願景，香港大學李嘉誠醫學院藥理及藥劑學系正積極與社區藥房夥伴合作，為註冊藥劑師提供名為「藥劑師疫苗接種培訓計劃」的專業培訓，為未來作好準備。此課程由醫生和護士緊密合作，旨在確保藥劑師以病人安全為首要考量，並在醫生的處方和監督下提供安全、有效的疫苗注射服務。

此培訓計劃分為兩個階段。第一階段是「疫苗接種實務證書課程」。課程內容嚴謹，學員必須完成理論及實踐操作兩部分，才能獲發「實務課程完成證書」。為確保專業水平與時並進，藥劑師必須每兩年進行一次再培訓，才能延續其資格。這一持續專業發展的要求，充分顯示了業界對安全及服務質素的嚴格堅持。完成第一階段課程後，藥劑師便可進入第二階段的「疫苗接種實踐訓練」。在實踐訓練中，藥劑師須在其他資深醫護人員的監督下，成功為市民完成5次疫苗注射。通過考核後，他們最終會獲頒「疫苗接種資格證書」，證明已具備獨立、安全地為市民提供疫苗接種服務的專業能力。

讓藥劑師加入疫苗接種行列，對香港的公共衛生體系有深遠的正面影響。首先，這將大大提升疫苗接種的「可及性」。全港各區遍布社區藥房，能有效觸及更多市民。其次，在流感高峰期或未來若再出現新的大流行傳染病時，藥劑師這支專業力量能有效分流市民，紓緩公營醫療系統的壓力。

在學術界及社區夥伴的共同努力下，我們樂見藥劑師正為承擔這項新職能而積極裝備自己。我們更期待相關政策能與時並進，為藥劑師在社區健康服務中扮演更重要的角色創造條件，共同守護我城健康。

Training Pharmacists to Vaccinate, Protecting Community Health

As autumn and winter approach, bringing the peak season for influenza, vaccination stands as the best line of defence for ourselves and our families. The COVID-19 pandemic has given us a profound understanding of how vital an efficient and accessible vaccination network is to protecting public health. Globally, in many developed countries like the UK, the US, and Canada, community pharmacists have long been a key force in providing vaccination services. So, what about Hong Kong?

Picture this: what if you could visit your local community pharmacy after work or on the weekend and receive your flu shot from a pharmacist you know and trust, without the need to take time off work or endure long waits at a clinic? Imagine the convenience this would bring to our busy lives.

Currently, this scenario is not yet a reality in Hong Kong, but we are taking a solid step in this direction. To realise this vision, the Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, is actively collaborating with community pharmacy partners to provide a professional training program for registered pharmacists titled the ‘Immunisation Training Programme for Registered Pharmacists’, preparing them for the future. This programme involves close collaboration with doctors and nurses and aims to ensure that pharmacists prioritise patient safety, providing safe and effective vaccination services under a doctor's prescription and supervision.

The programme is divided into two stages. The first is Part A: Immunisation Certificate Course. This rigorous course requires participants to complete both theoretical and practical components before being awarded a Certificate of Completion, which is valid for two years. Crucially, to ensure their skills and knowledge remain current, pharmacists must undergo re-qualification training every two years to maintain their certification. This requirement for continuous professional development demonstrates the profession's strict commitment to safety and quality. Upon completing the first stage, pharmacists can proceed to the second: Part B: Supervised Immunisation Practice. During this practical training, pharmacists are required to successfully administer five vaccinations to the public under the supervision of other senior healthcare professionals. After passing this assessment, they are awarded the Certificate of Competence, certifying that they possess the professional capability to provide vaccination services independently and safely.

Integrating pharmacists into the vaccination workforce would have a significant positive impact on Hong Kong's public health system. Firstly, it would greatly enhance the accessibility and convenience of vaccinations. With community pharmacies located throughout the city, more people can be reached, thereby boosting overall vaccination coverage. Secondly, during peak flu seasons or in the event of future pandemics, this professional workforce could help divert traffic from clinics, alleviating the pressure on the public healthcare system.

Through the joint efforts of academia and community partners, we are encouraged to see pharmacists proactively equipping themselves for this new role. We look forward to relevant policies keeping pace with this development, creating the conditions for pharmacists to play a more significant role in community health and to jointly safeguard the health of our city.

鄭永德博士
香港大學李嘉誠醫學院
藥理及藥劑學系講師

HKUMed Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy celebrates pharmacists' key role in healthcare collaboration on World Pharmacists Day
港大醫學院藥理及藥劑學系同慶「世界藥劑師日」重申藥劑師在醫療協作服務中的重要角色

HKUMed Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy celebrates pharmacists' key role in healthcare collaboration on World Pharmacists Day

As the globe celebrates World Pharmacists Day 2025 today (25 September), the Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy (the Department) at the LKS Faculty of Medicine, of the University of Hong Kong reaffirms its commitment to advancing the role of pharmacists in Hong Kong’s healthcare system. This year’s theme for the day, ‘Think Health, Think Pharmacist’, highlights pharmacists’ vital role, especially amid rising healthcare demands in a city facing an ageing population and chronic disease burdens. In alignment with the ‘2022 Primary Healthcare Blueprint’ of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China (the Government of the HKSAR), the Department is dedicated to providing education and training to pharmacists to excel as professional healthcare providers in collaboration with other healthcare services teams, to enhance the health outcomes and quality of life for Hong Kong citizens. 

Training pharmacists for enhanced healthcare delivery
Pharmacists are one of the important workforces in the healthcare system. The Department is committed to organising various training and continuous professional development programmes to pharmacists who provide different services to citizens such as medication education services. In recent years, training on community pharmacy service provision and primary healthcare development has also been strengthened to cater for the changing societal needs.

Providing structured immunisation training
Vaccination is a particularly effective means to prevent seasonal upper respiratory tract infections, such as influenza, and their complications. The Department has introduced the Immunisation Training Programme for Pharmacists, which has been developed in close collaboration with doctors and nurses. The structured programme trains pharmacists to deliver safe and effective immunisation practices, prioritising patient safety under a clinician’s prescription and supervision.

Strengthening collaborative networks for public health
The success of primary healthcare in Hong Kong depends on the collaborative efforts of multidisciplinary teams consisting of doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and other healthcare professionals. By working together, the multidisciplinary professional network plays an important role in supporting patients with chronic diseases, health promotion, and delivering preventive healthcare services. Most important of all, the Department believes that this collaborative approach offers citizens greater protection against diseases and improves long-term public health outcomes.

‘Think Health, Think Pharmacist’: Pharmacists’ key role in healthcare collaboration
On this World Pharmacists Day, the Department, as a key stakeholder in pharmacy education in Hong Kong, honours the dedication and professionalism of pharmacists and acknowledges their indispensable role in Hong Kong's healthcare system. The HKSAR Chief Executive’s 2025 Policy Address included initiatives to promote the Community Drug Formulary and Community Pharmacy Programme, and to enhance the management of chronic diseases. These highlight the vital roles that pharmacists play in the community health team. The Department remains steadfast in its mission to train and equip pharmacists to meet societal needs and to continue to collaborate closely with other healthcare professionals in providing safe, reliable, and effective care to Hong Kong citizens.

For further information, please contact:
HKUMed Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong

Email: communitypharmacy@hku.hk
Phone: 57443694

港大醫學院藥理及藥劑學系同慶「世界藥劑師日」重申藥劑師在醫療協作服務中的重要角色

香港大學李嘉誠醫學院藥理及藥劑學系（以下簡稱「藥學系」）於今日（9月25日）慶祝「2025年世界藥劑師日」，今年主題為「想健康 · 想想藥劑師」，藉此重申繼續致力推動藥劑師在香港醫療體系中發揮其專業角色，尤其在應對人口老化及慢性病負擔加劇的醫療需求。藥學系亦配合中華人民共和國香港特別行政區政府（香港特區政府）於2022年公布的《基層醫療藍圖》，致力培訓藥劑師成為優秀的醫療服務提供者，並加強與醫療團隊的協作，提升香港市民的健康水平及生活質素。

培訓藥劑師強化醫療服務
藥劑師是醫療系統的重要人力資源之一。為配合社會發展需求，藥學系持續提供不同的藥劑師培訓課程及持續專業發展活動，為市民提供藥物教育和藥物諮詢等服務。近年來，藥學系亦加強社區藥房服務及基層醫療相關培訓，與時並進，讓市民獲得適切的服務。

藥劑師疫苗注射培訓課程
疫苗接種是預防季節性流感及其併發症的有效方法。此課程由醫生和護士緊密合作，旨在確保藥劑師以病人安全為首要考量，並在醫生的處方和監督下提供安全、有效的疫苗注射服務。

強化公共衞生合作網絡
香港基層醫療的成功，有賴醫生、護士、藥劑師及其他醫療專業同仁的協作，共同建構有效的醫療服務網絡。藥學系堅信專業協作模式在支持慢性病患者、推動健康及預防性醫療服務中發揮重要的作用，不僅守護市民健康，長遠亦提升公共衞生成效。

「想健康 · 想想藥劑師」：藥劑師在醫療團隊中的角色
作為本港藥學教育的重要持份者，藥學系希望透過世界藥劑師日，肯定藥劑師的熱忱與專業精神，及他們在香港醫療系統中不可或缺的角色。香港特區行政長官於2025年《施政報告》中提出推動「社區藥物名冊」及「社區藥房計劃」等措施，以及加強慢性疾病管理，藥劑師將積極參與相關服務，繼續為市民貢獻。藥學系將堅守使命，培育及裝備藥劑師應對社會需求，並持續與其他醫療專業人員通力合作，務求為市民提供安全、可靠及有效的醫療服務。

查詢請聯絡：
香港大學李嘉誠醫學院藥理及藥劑學系
電郵：communitypharmacy@hku.hk
電話：5744 3694

Title: Empowering Pharmacists to Boost Vaccine Access: HKU Medicine Launches Collaborative Training Initiative

Title: Empowering Pharmacists to Boost Vaccine Access: HKU Medicine Launches Collaborative Training Initiative

HKU Pharmacy is committed to ambitiously expanding pharmacists’ role in primary health care development in Hong Kong.

We’re pleased to share that HKU LKS Faculty of Medicine has formalised a collaboration with pharmaceutical partners to equip pharmacists with vaccine administration skills. Over 200 pharmacists have completed basic training; 30+ have certification, enabling them to provide influenza vaccinations at community pharmacies. Prof. Wong Chi‑Kei emphasised international precedents, and Prof. Amy Ng presented the latest data on vaccine uptake — including how growing public acceptance and cross-professional collaboration can help further increase vaccination rates. This initiative aims to improve vaccine access and strengthen public health infrastructure in HK.

LinkedIn post:
https://www.linkedin.com/posts/hkufmpc_pharmacyvaccination-publichealth-hkumed-ugcPost-7376099303771217920-cr1b?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop&rcm=ACoAADKn_4wBgyJv0rhC8TxI61bEz9gH5lSIB2Y

Masters of Medication: Strengthening Primary Healthcare — Pharmacists as Guardians of Drug Safety and Health

藥有所師｜醫院與社區藥劑師：攜手確保用藥安全

Aug 17, 2025

Masters of Medication: Strengthening Primary Healthcare — Pharmacists as Guardians of Drug Safety and Health
藥有所師｜醫院與社區藥劑師：攜手確保用藥安全

撰文：香港大學 x 香港藥劑專科深造學院

在基層醫療體系中，藥劑師不僅是藥物專家，更是市民健康的第一道防線。 藥劑師是肩負「藥物安全與健康守門人」（Gatekeeper）的角色，確保患者獲得安全、有效的藥物治療。如果誤用藥物、不當處方 以及缺乏用藥教育，都可能導致嚴重的健康風險，影響個人及整體醫療系統。 如何在社區層面減少這些風險？藥劑師如何發揮專業優勢，推動個人化健康管理？

藥物風險：你不可忽視的健康挑戰
藥物風險不僅影響個人健康，也對醫療系統造成負擔。
以下是幾個常見的用藥風險：
多重用藥：慢性病患者通常需要同時服用多種藥物，若缺乏適當監測，可能導致藥物重疊、過量或相互作用，影響治療效果及健康。
藥物不良相互作用：不同藥物的組合可能產生相互作用，削弱藥效或引發副作用。例如，抗凝血藥（俗稱「薄血丸」）與非類固醇消炎藥同時服用，可能增加出血風險。
自行停藥或錯誤服藥： 部分患者可能不按時服藥，因擔心副作用擅自停藥，或因未理解醫囑而錯誤服藥。例如，糖尿病患者若未按時服用降血糖藥，可能導致血糖劇烈波動，增加併發症風險。

基層醫療如何減少藥物風險？
基層醫療是市民健康的第一道防線，而社區藥劑師在其中扮演著關鍵角色。他們的專業知識與臨床參與，有助於提升用藥安全性，減少用藥錯誤及醫療負擔。
藥物評估與處方優化：社區藥劑師可與醫生攜手合作，定期審查患者的藥物使用情況，確保處方安全有效，減少重複或不必要的藥物，優化治療效果。
預防藥物錯誤：許多用藥錯誤來自於劑量混淆或藥物名稱相似。社區藥劑師可利用電子健康紀錄系統（醫健通），追蹤患者的用藥歷史，確保處方準確無誤。
患者用藥教育與自我管理：藥物風險的根源之一是患者對藥物知識的不足。社區藥劑師可透過舉辦健康講座、提供個人化用藥指導，提升患者的藥物依從性，幫助他們更好地管理慢性疾病。

結語
安全與有效的用藥是健康管理的基石，而藥劑師在基層醫療中擔當著不可或缺的角色。透過完善的藥物管理、患者教育與跨專業合作，我們能有效降低藥物風險，提升患者個人及社區健康水平。 專科培訓與持續專業發展，進一步強化藥劑師的專業能力，使其在基層醫療中發揮更大作用，提供高質素的藥物治療與健康管理服務。藥劑師不僅是安全用藥的守護者，更是推動香港醫療體系進步的重要力量。我們已準備好，攜手為市民締造更優質的健康未來。

<刊載於《東方新地》>

報刊專欄 (am730) - 如何減少家居剩餘藥物？
Newspaper Article (am730) - Proper Disposal and Reduction of Household Medication Waste in Hong Kong

如何減少家居剩餘藥物？
大家在新年前執拾家居時也許會發現一些過期藥物。這些過期藥物應該如何處理呢？

由於香港並沒有一個中央系統處理家居藥餘，坊間的建議就是將這些藥物包好，然後當成固體垃圾處理。至於大型的醫療機構則會安排藥物送去作化學廢物處理。然而，不適當處理藥物，例如將藥物傾倒於污水系統，會對環境造成污染。最近的研究發現，香港的河流中存在抗生素和糖尿病藥物的殘留物，這些殘留物最終可能會影響到人類的健康。即使過往某些連鎖藥房和非牟利機構進行過藥物回收計劃，令這些藥物可被妥善處理，但因為藥物不可回收再使用，最後也是浪費了本身應有的效用。

那麼我們可以源頭減「廢」嗎？大部分患有長期病患的病人家中總會有多餘的藥物，這可能是因為有需要時服用的藥物並沒有完全服用，或者覆診後轉了藥，舊的藥物已經不再需要。市民在看醫生前，可以先了解自己是否真的需要再取藥，如果家中已有足夠的藥物，可以避免重複取藥，減少浪費。

另外，將配藥周期縮短也可以減少因病情變化或藥物更換而產生的藥物浪費。每次取短期藥物不僅可以獲得較新的藥物，還能將因轉藥而多出藥物的機會減到最低。

這些措施不僅有助於保護環境，還能減少公共資源的浪費。希望大家可以減少家中多餘藥物的產生，從源頭減少藥物浪費，共同為環保出一分力。

2025年02月24日
譚宛婷
香港大學李嘉誠醫學院
藥理及藥劑學系講師

<刊載於《am730》>

Proper Disposal and Reduction of Household Medication Waste in Hong Kong
As households thoroughly clean for the Lunar New Year, many may discover expired or unused medications tucked away in drawers or cabinets. Proper disposal of these pharmaceuticals is essential—not only for household safety but also for environmental protection.

Hong Kong currently lacks a centralised system for the disposal of household pharmaceutical waste. As a result, the prevailing recommendation is to securely wrap expired medications and dispose of them with general solid waste. In contrast, large healthcare institutions typically manage pharmaceutical waste through chemical waste treatment processes. Improper disposal methods, such as flushing medications down the toilet or sink, pose significant environmental risks. Recent studies have detected residues of antibiotics and diabetes medications in local rivers, raising concerns about long-term ecological impacts and potential threats to human health. Although some non-profit organisations and pharmacy chains have previously launched drug take-back initiatives, these programs are limited in scope. Moreover, since returned medications cannot be reused or used in patients who benefit from them, their therapeutic value is ultimately lost.

Reducing pharmaceutical waste at its source is crucial to addressing this issue more sustainably. Patients with chronic conditions often accumulate surplus medications due to changes in prescriptions or incomplete courses of treatment. Before collecting new prescriptions, patients are encouraged to review their existing supplies and consult their healthcare providers to avoid unnecessary refills.

Another effective strategy is shortening the duration of prescription cycles. Dispensing medications in smaller quantities allows for more timely adjustments in treatment plans and minimises the risk of surplus medications due to changes in a patient’s condition. Minimising medication waste conserves public healthcare resources and contributes to environmental sustainability.

By adopting more mindful practices—such as reviewing medication needs before doctor visits and supporting shorter prescription cycles—individuals can play a meaningful role in reducing pharmaceutical waste. Together, we can take proactive steps to protect our environment and ensure the responsible use of medical resources.

24 February 2025
Ms Tam Yuen Ting Eliza
Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy
Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine
The University of Hong Kong

https://www.med.hku.hk/zh-hk/media/knowledge-exchange/newspaper-columns/2025/feb/am730_20250224

報刊專欄 (am730) - 藥到病除的「藥到」
Newspaper Article (am730) - What Happens to a Drug after We Take It?

藥到病除的「藥到」
不時聽到「藥到病除」，究竟「藥」怎樣「到」？「到」哪裡？又怎樣做「到」「病除」？

給藥的途徑，最常見是口服和注射，口服方式對病人最為方便，本文先談口服藥物怎樣去「到」體內不同地方。

口服藥物可呈固體或液體狀，吞下後首先經過胃部、腸道，後者中的小腸為主要吸收藥物進血液的位置。接著，藥物透過(小腸血管中的)血液被帶到肝臟，也有小部分藥物未被吸收而直接經腸道由糞便排出。

肝臟細胞中含有種類豐富的酵素，一般會對不同藥物進行化學分解，分解後的藥物通常會失去藥性。未被分解的藥物才會經肝臟靜脈被帶到心臟，再經心臟輸出到身體各器官。

心臟會把一部分藥物輸送到有「病」的地方，也會輸送藥物到如腎臟等，繼而把藥物排出體外。而有一些藥物也會再次被送到肝臟，在該處接受再一次化學分解。因此，身體循環系統內的藥物，會隨時間過去而逐漸減少。

這也解釋到為何一般療程，病人需要定時服用或注射藥物，以維持體內有一定分量的藥物，透過血液供應足夠藥物到有「病」的身體部位產生藥效。

要留意的是，當專業醫護人員按病況決定給藥的安排後，病人務必要謹慎遵照指示服藥。同一種藥物的劑量及效果可能因為該藥是藥丸(藥錠)或膠囊而有所不同。

至於藥物可做「到」的藥效，會因病情、個別藥物而異，但藥物的作用原理大致相同，這方面就留待下一次再說明。

2025年02月17日
梁偉文博士
香港大學李嘉誠醫學院
藥理及藥劑學系高級講師

<刊載於《am730》>

What Happens to a Drug after We Take It?
There is a common phrase in Chinese that literally translates into "drug reaches, disease treated", but how does a drug “reach" its target site to treat a disease?

Drugs are commonly administered by oral and injectional routes, with oral administration being the most convenient for the patient. This article will discuss how oral drugs reach various parts of the body. Oral drugs can be in solid or liquid form. After swallowing, they first pass through the stomach and intestines, with the small intestine being the primary location for the absorption of the drug into the bloodstream. A small portion of the drug may not be absorbed and may be directly excreted via the intestines as faeces before absorption.

Next, the drug is transported to the liver by blood vessels in the small intestine. Liver cells contain a variety of enzymes that chemically break down many drugs. Most drugs lose their biological activity afterward. Only the original, active drugs are transported from the liver via the hepatic vein to the heart, and then from the heart to various organs of the body for potential drug action.

The heart sends a portion of the drug to diseased area(s) as well as to organs like kidneys, which then excrete the drug from the body. Some drugs are also transported back to the liver for further chemical breakdown. As a result, drug concentration in the body gradually decreases over time.

This process of repeated drug circulation and breakdown explains why patients often need to take or be administered drugs at regular intervals. The purpose is to maintain an adequate level of drug in the circulation, so that therapeutic effect can be achieved at the diseased body parts.

It is important to note that once a treatment plan has been determined by healthcare professionals, patients should carefully follow the instructions in taking the drug(s). The dosage and effectiveness of the same drug may vary depending on whether it is in pill or capsule form.

As for the effectiveness of drugs, that would vary depending on the specific condition and drug choices. However, the principle of how drugs work at their targets are largely the same. More on this will be explained next time.

17 February 2025
Dr Liang Willmann
Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy
Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine
The University of Hong Kong

https://www.med.hku.hk/zh-hk/media/knowledge-exchange/newspaper-columns/2025/feb/am730_20250217

報刊專欄 (am730) - 了解香港兒童免疫接種計劃　確保孩子應有保護
Newspaper Article (am730) - Understanding Hong Kong's Childhood Immunization Program to Ensure Proper Protection for Children

了解香港兒童免疫接種計劃　確保孩子應有保護
香港的兒童免疫接種計劃由衛生署推行，旨在通過免費接種疫苗來預防多種傳染病，包括乙型肝炎、白喉、破傷風、百日咳、麻疹、腮腺炎和德國麻疹等。該計劃涵蓋了從出生到小學階段的所有兒童，確保他們在成長過程中得到全面的保護。然而，許多家長對此計劃的了解仍然不足，可能導致一些兒童未能及時接種適當的疫苗。因此，我們希望通過這篇文章為家長們提供一些建議。

首先，家長應該熟悉香港兒童免疫接種計劃的接種時間表，確保孩子在適當的年齡接種相應的疫苗。這些訊息可以在衛生署的網站上找到，或者向家庭醫生或兒科醫生諮詢。家長應定期檢查孩子的疫苗接種記錄，確保沒有漏接的疫苗。如果發現有漏接的情況，應盡快尋求醫護人員的建議並安排補種。

此外，當計劃帶孩子出國旅行時，請務必檢查並確保孩子已接種所有必要的疫苗。雖然香港的兒童免疫計劃涵蓋了多種常見疾病，但某些國家可能存在其他風險，需要額外的疫苗接種。例如，某些地區可能需要黃熱病、傷寒或狂犬病疫苗。為了孩子的健康和安全，建議在出發前諮詢醫生或旅遊醫學專家，了解目的地的疫苗要求，並確保孩子的疫苗接種記錄是最新的。這樣可以有效預防疾病，讓旅程更加安心愉快。

疫苗接種是預防傳染病最有效的方法之一。通過接種疫苗，兒童可以獲得對多種嚴重疾病的免疫力，減少患病風險。此外，當大多數兒童接種疫苗後，社區內的傳染病傳播風險也會大大降低，達到「群體免疫」。這不僅保護了接種者，也保護了那些因健康原因無法接種疫苗的兒童。希望家長能夠提高對疫苗的認識，一起守護兒童的健康。

2025年02月10日
朱幗珮
香港大學李嘉誠醫學院
藥理及藥劑學系高級講師

<刊載於《am730》>

Understanding Hong Kong's Childhood Immunization Program to Ensure Proper Protection for Children
The Hong Kong Childhood Immunization Program (HKCIP), implemented by the Department of Health, aims to prevent various infectious diseases through the provision of free vaccinations for children. These include hepatitis B, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, measles, mumps, and rubella etc. The HKCIP covers all children from birth to primary school, ensuring comprehensive protection as they grow. However, many parents may still be quite unfamiliar with the program, which may result in some children missing timely vaccinations. This article provides recommendations to help parents stay informed.

Firstly, parents should be familiar with the HKCIP immunization schedule to ensure that their children receive the appropriate vaccines at the right age. Information can be found on the Department of Health's website or by consulting family doctors or pediatricians. It is important for parents to check their children’s immunization records regularly to avoid missing any doses. If a child has missed a vaccine, parents should seek medical advice and arrange for catch-up vaccinations as soon as possible.

Additionally, when planning to travel abroad with children, parents should check and ensure that their children have received all the necessary vaccinations. While the HKCIP covers many common infectious diseases, some countries may pose additional risks that require extra vaccinations, such as yellow fever, typhoid, or rabies. To ensure children's health and safety, parents should consult a doctor or travel medicine specialist before departure to understand the vaccine requirements of the destination and update vaccination records accordingly. This helps prevent disease and ensures a safer, more enjoyable trip.

Vaccination is one of the most effective ways to prevent infectious diseases. By getting vaccinated, children gain immunity against serious illnesses and reduce health risks. Furthermore, when most children are immunized, the spread of infectious diseases within the community is significantly reduced, achieving herd immunity. This not only protects those who receive vaccines but also safeguards children who cannot be vaccinated due to medical reasons.

Let’s all help raise awareness of vaccinations among our community to help protect our children's health against infectious diseases!

10 February 2025
Ms Chu Kwok Pui Jody
Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy
Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine
The University of Hong Kong

https://www.med.hku.hk/zh-hk/media/knowledge-exchange/newspaper-columns/2025/feb/am730_20250210

報刊專欄 (am730) - 醫療大數據對香港經濟的影響
Newspaper Article (am730) - The Impact of Healthcare Big Data on Hong Kong's Economy

醫療大數據對香港經濟的影響
上次我們提到公共大數據在醫療的應用會為香港帶來更多機遇，今次就討論一下香港如何能利用醫療大數據發展出新出路以及其對經濟的影響。

香港公共醫療衛生開支每年超過一千億港元，醫療大數據對經濟其中一個最直接的影響是提高醫療系統效率和降低成本。通過分析患者的病歷數據，醫生可更精確地診斷疾病，制訂更有效及個人化的治療方案。這不僅縮短了患者恢復時間，還減少不必要的醫療支出。此外，大數據還能幫助醫療機構改善資源分配。在不增加太多成本的情況下，機構可以通過分析大型醫院內部的營運數據，發現並改進流程中的瓶頸問題，從而提高醫療服務的質素和效率。

大數據更能推動創新藥物研發和臨床試驗。傳統的藥物研發過程往往耗時且成本高昂，而大數據的應用正能改變現狀。通過分析大量的基因、病歷和實驗數據，研究人員可以更快發現新藥物的潛在目標，縮短研發周期。同時，醫療大數據能讓我們了解不同藥物的新功能，達到「老藥新用」的效果。

醫療大數據在政府公共衛生政策的制訂和實施方面也發揮了關鍵作用。政府可通過分析醫療數據了解疾病傳播趨勢、評估干預措施的效果，並制訂更加科學的防疫策略。例如新冠疫情期間，香港政府就曾根據港大醫學院研究團隊利用大數據分析出來的結果來制訂相關政策。另外，我們在2023年亦帶領一個多國的研究隊伍，利用大數據發現了2050年全球的髖骨骨折數目將會有兩倍的增長。這對全球的健康政策制訂都有重大的影響。

總括而言，醫療大數據在提升醫療效率、降低成本、推動創新和協助政策制訂等方面的應用，都為經濟增長提供了強勁的動力。未來，隨技術不斷發展，這些領域的潛力將進一步被挖掘，為香港及全球經濟帶來更多的機遇。因此，大數據不僅是醫療行業的變革力量，也是全球經濟發展的重要推手。各國政府、企業和科研機構應該加強合作，共同推進醫療大數據的發展與應用，實現醫療和經濟的雙贏。

2025年02月03日
黃志基教授及張正龍副教授
香港大學李嘉誠醫學院
藥理及藥劑學系

<刊載於《am730》>

The Impact of Healthcare Big Data on Hong Kong's Economy
Last time, we explored how public big data in healthcare is opening new opportunities for Hong Kong. Now, let’s delve into how Hong Kong can leverage healthcare big data to carve out new pathways and its profound impact on the economy.

Hong Kong’s annual public healthcare expenditure exceeds HK$100 billion, and one of the most immediate economic benefits of healthcare big data lies in boosting healthcare system efficiency and reducing costs. By analyzing patient records, doctors can diagnose conditions with greater precision and design more effective, personalized treatment plans. This not only accelerates patient recovery but also cuts down on unnecessary medical expenses. Additionally, big data enables healthcare institutions to optimize resource allocation. By analyzing operational data from large hospitals, institutions can pinpoint and address bottlenecks without significantly increasing costs, thereby enhancing both the quality and efficiency of healthcare services.

Beyond efficiency, big data is revolutionizing drug development and clinical trials. Traditional drug discovery is often time-consuming and costly, but big data is changing the game. By analyzing vast datasets of genetic information, medical histories, and experimental results, researchers can more quickly identify potential drug targets, shortening development timelines. Moreover, healthcare big data can uncover new uses for existing drugs, enabling a “new uses for older drugs” approach that maximizes value and innovation.

Healthcare big data also plays a critical role in shaping public health policy. Governments can use data analytics to track disease trends, assess the effectiveness of interventions, and craft evidence-based strategies. For instance, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the Hong Kong government relied on big data analyses from the University of Hong Kong’s medical research team to inform policy decisions. Similarly, in 2023, our team led a multinational study using big data to project a doubling of global hip fracture cases by 2050—a finding with significant implications for global health policy.

In summary, the application of healthcare big data in improving healthcare efficiency, reducing costs, driving innovation, and informing policy provides a powerful engine for economic growth. As technology continues to advance, the potential in these areas will only deepen, creating further opportunities for Hong Kong and the global economy. Big data is not just transforming healthcare—it’s a key driver of economic progress. Governments, businesses, and research institutions must collaborate to advance the development and application of healthcare big data, unlocking a win-win for healthcare and economic prosperity.

3 February 2025
Professor Wong Chi Kei Ian & Professor Cheung Ching Lung
Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy
Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine
The University of Hong Kong

https://www.med.hku.hk/zh-hk/media/knowledge-exchange/newspaper-columns/2025/feb/am730_20250203

報刊專欄 (am730) - 甜蜜的真相：蔗糖攝取量與二型糖尿病
Newspaper Article (am730) - The Sweet Truth: Sucrose Intake and Type 2 Diabetes

甜蜜的真相：蔗糖攝取量與二型糖尿病
二型糖尿病(T2D)是一種慢性代謝失調，特徵是由於胰島素抵抗或胰島素分泌不足導致高血糖。過去數十年來，T2D的發病率持續增加，而不良飲食習慣在其發展過程中扮演重要角色。如果不加以控制，T2D可導致各種併發症，包括心血管疾病、神經損傷(神經病變)、腎臟損傷(腎病變)、眼睛損傷(視網膜病變)和足部問題。T2D還會增加中風、心臟病發和其他嚴重健康問題的風險，嚴重影響生活品質。

胰島素是一種由胰臟分泌的激素，對於調節血糖水平非常重要。當我們進食，尤其是吃含有蔗糖等碳水化合物的食物時，血糖濃度就會上升。此時，胰腺會釋放胰島素，幫助細胞吸收血液中的葡萄糖轉化為能量或儲存。然而，對於胰島素抵抗的患者，細胞對胰島素的反應變差，導致血糖水平升高。蔗糖或食糖是葡萄糖和果糖的雙糖。過量攝取蔗糖會導致體重增加、胰島素抵抗和發炎，這些都是T2D的危險因素。飲用大量含蔗糖的飲料或吃零食的人更容易產生胰島素抵抗。為了降低罹患T2D的風險，必須注意日常飲食中的蔗糖攝取量。限制含糖食物和飲料(如汽水、糖果、糕點和加工零食)的攝取量，有助控制血糖水平和降低胰島素抵抗的風險。想吃甜食時，可選擇低糖水果或小量蜂蜜或楓糖漿等甜味來自天然來源的食物。

對於T2D患者而言，改變飲食習慣在控制血糖水平方面扮演重要角色。除了減少蔗糖攝取量之外，低加工食品和高纖維的均衡飲食也有助改善胰島素敏感性和整體代謝健康。此外，可接受藥物如二甲雙胍、磺酰尿類或胰島素治療，以幫助控制血糖水平。定期運動、體重管理和血糖監測也是T2D管理的重要部分。總而言之，蔗糖攝取量與T2D發病率的關係強調了選擇健康飲食的重要。只要注意糖的攝取、選擇低加工食物並遵循均衡飲食，就能降低罹患T2D的風險，並改善整體健康。

2025年01月27日
吳曉萍博士
香港大學李嘉誠醫學院
藥理及藥劑學系研究助理教授

<刊載於《am730》>

The Sweet Truth: Sucrose Intake and Type 2 Diabetes
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to insulin resistance or insufficient insulin production. Over the past few decades, the incidence of T2D has risen steadily, with poor dietary habits playing a significant role in its development. If left unmanaged, T2D can lead to serious complications, including cardiovascular diseases, nerve damage (neuropathy), kidney damage (nephropathy), eye damage (retinopathy), and foot problems. It also increases the risk of stroke, heart attacks, and other severe health conditions, significantly impacting quality of life.

Insulin, a hormone secreted by the pancreas, is essential for regulating blood sugar levels. When we consume carbohydrates, especially foods containing sucrose, blood glucose levels rise, prompting the pancreas to release insulin. This hormone helps cells absorb glucose from the bloodstream to produce energy or store it for later use. However, in individuals with insulin resistance, cells respond poorly to insulin, leading to elevated blood glucose levels. Sucrose, or table sugar, is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose. Excessive sucrose intake contributes to weight gain, insulin resistance, and inflammation—all key risk factors for T2D. Individuals who frequently consume sucrose-laden beverages or snacks are more prone to developing insulin resistance. To reduce the risk of T2D, it is crucial to monitor daily sucrose intake. Limiting sugary foods and drinks (e.g., sodas, candies, pastries, and processed snacks) can help stabilize blood glucose levels and mitigate insulin resistance. When craving sweetness, opt for low-sugar fruits or small amounts of natural sweeteners like honey or maple syrup.

For those already diagnosed with T2D, dietary modifications are pivotal for managing blood glucose. Beyond reducing sucrose intake, a balanced diet rich in minimally processed foods and high in fiber can improve insulin sensitivity and overall metabolic health. Medications such as metformin, sulfonylureas, or insulin therapy may also be prescribed to regulate blood glucose. Regular exercise, weight management, and consistent blood sugar monitoring are equally vital components of T2D care. In conclusion, the link between sucrose consumption and T2D underscores the importance of mindful dietary choices. By moderating sugar intake, prioritizing whole foods, and maintaining a balanced diet, individuals can lower their risk of T2D and enhance their overall well-being.

20 January 2025
Professor Wu Xiaoping Amber
Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy
Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine
The University of Hong Kong

https://www.med.hku.hk/zh-hk/media/knowledge-exchange/newspaper-columns/2025/jan/am730_20250127

報刊專欄 (am730) - 高膽固醇的危害與管理
Newspaper Article (am730) - The Harms and Management of Hypercholesterolemia

高膽固醇的危害與管理
膽固醇是維持身體正常功能的重要元素，但當血液中的膽固醇過高時，可能會在血管壁上積聚，導致血管狹窄、硬化甚至閉塞。這種情況可能引發冠心病、心肌梗塞和中風，最終甚至可能導致半身不遂或死亡。

根據香港衛生署的報告，約51.9%的成年人有高膽固醇（總膽固醇≥5.2mmol/L），其中36.2%的人並不知情。年齡愈大，患病率愈高，55至64歲的人群中，患病率達72.1%。

為了預防高血脂症，除了調整飲食和增加運動外，必要時還應根據醫生的指示服用降膽固醇藥物，如他汀類藥物（Statins）。這類藥物能顯著降低心臟病和中風的風險，研究顯示，按醫囑服用可以將風險減半。儘管有些人擔心副作用，但實際上，因服用他汀類藥物而出現的嚴重副作用非常罕見，只有約四分之一的人會感到輕微不適，最常見的是肌肉疼痛或無力，其預防心臟病的益處遠超過風險。

對於曾經患有心臟病、中風或高壞膽固醇的人士，使用他汀類藥物是值得考慮的。我們的最新研究顯示，75歲以上的老年患者使用他汀類藥物仍然有顯著益處。

為了鼓勵市民及早預防，醫衛局推出了「慢性疾病共同治理先導計劃」，針對45歲以上、未有已知糖尿病或高血壓的居民，提供篩查和後續服務。這項計劃近期將擴展至高血脂篩查服務，並將降膽固醇的藥物列入基本藥物名單，以幫助更多人檢測和管理膽固醇水平。

最後，由於降膽固醇的藥物的功效會隨著個人風險而變化，在服用藥物前應與家庭醫生討論自己的風險和偏好。

2025年01月20日
尹旭輝教授
香港大學李嘉誠醫學院
藥理及藥劑學系和臨床醫學學院家庭醫學及基層醫療學系助理教授

<刊載於《am730》>

The Harms and Management of Hypercholesterolemia
Cholesterol is an essential element for maintaining normal physiological functions. However, excess blood cholesterol levels can lead to plaque accumulation on arterial walls, resulting in lumen narrowing, hardening, or even occlusion. These changes may precipitate coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, hemiplegia, or death.

According to a report by the Department of Health, approximately 51.9% of adults exhibit hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol ≥5.2 mmol/L), with 36.2% unaware of their condition. The condition escalates with age, affecting 72.1% of individuals aged 55–64 years.

Beyond dietary modifications and increased physical activity, statins are recommended for lipid management under medical supervision. Statins significantly reduce cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risks; studies indicate good drug compliance can halve these risks. Although concerns about adverse effects exist, severe complications are exceedingly rare. Mild symptoms, such as myalgia or weakness, occur in approximately one-quarter of users, yet the cardioprotective benefits far outweigh these risks.

Statin use is worth considering for individuals with a history of cardiovascular disease, stroke, or elevated LDL cholesterol. Our latest research underscores their efficacy even in elderly patients aged ≥75 years.

To promote early prevention, the Health Bureau, launched the Chronic Disease Co-Care Pilot Scheme, targeting residents aged ≥45 without prior diabetes or hypertension diagnoses for screening and follow-up. This initiative has expanded to include blood lipid testing in addition to DM and HT screening to achieve full coverage of the "three highs", with cholesterol lowering drugs incorporated into the Essential Medicines List to enhance to enhance accessibility and affordability.

The efficacy of lipid-lowering therapy varies with individual risk profiles. Pre-treatment consultation with a family physician is essential to evaluate personal risks and preferences.

20 January 2025
Professor Wan Yuk Fai Eric
Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy
Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine
The University of Hong Kong

https://www.med.hku.hk/zh-hk/media/knowledge-exchange/newspaper-columns/2025/jan/am730_20250120

報刊專欄 (am730) - 人工智能在藥物流行病學中的潛力
Newspaper Article (am730) - The Potential of Artificial Intelligence in Pharmacoepidemiology

人工智能在藥物流行病學中的潛力
作為一名現役藥物流行病學學者，我可能十年內就會失業了。這並非因為我好逸惡勞，渴望提早退休所產生的妄想，而是由於近年我和同事們逐漸了解到人工智能(下稱AI)在協助科研方面的龐大潛力；事實上，以現時一日千里的技術發展，AI於可見將來對增進科研工作效能很可能發揮極大的作用，長遠甚至可以取代我們大部分的日常工作！

那藥物流行病學學者的日常工作是甚麼呢？簡而言之，我們主要以流行病學處理數據的方法，結合海量的醫療健康數據，為各種藥物的安全和效用提供真實世界的證據。舉例說，由發展本港醫療大數據的先驅，港大醫學院黃志基教授和我所帶領的團隊就是全球首支科研隊伍以醫療大數據，驗證注射復必泰疫苗後心肌炎風險輕微增加的科學假設，並且取得極為有力的實證支持。這一系列研究為政府的公共衛生政策提供了堅實的科研基礎，直接影響了政府對青少年接種疫苗的相關決定。另外，我領導的小團隊近日亦進行了全球首個隊列研究，揭示了一種高效抗精神病藥物與血癌風險的微小關聯，提供了修訂用藥指引的科學基礎。這些研究每一項都別具重要意義，全部都與日常用藥安全，乃至病人褔祉有密切關係。

這些研究每項都是我們團隊絞盡腦汁精心設計，力臻完美的成果，花費的時間可一點也不短。但是試想，若果AI可以基於我們的成果，在研究員的嚴謹監管下對包括電腦分析代碼、研究設計方法等進行機器學習，並將其自動化，那科研的效能將可提升不知多少倍，用藥安全的科學基礎亦可迅速增強。這將對病人福祉和人口健康帶來莫大裨益。想想也感到振奮！

所以，我希望失業！超越我們，取代我們吧，AI！

2025年01月13日
黎子駿教授
香港大學李嘉誠醫學院
藥理及藥劑學系和臨床醫學學院家庭醫學及基層醫療學系助理教授

<刊載於《am730》>

The Potential of Artificial Intelligence in Pharmacoepidemiology
As a practicing pharmacoepidemiologist, I might be out of the job within the next decade. This is no fantasy born of laziness or a desire for early retirement, but rather a realization—shared increasingly among my colleagues—of the immense potential artificial intelligence (AI) holds in supporting scientific research. Given the rapid pace of technological advancement, AI is likely to significantly enhance research efficiency in the near future, and may eventually replace much of our daily work.

So, what does a pharmacoepidemiologist do? In short, we apply epidemiological methods to large-scale health data to generate real-world evidence on the safety and effectiveness of medications. For example, the team I co-lead with Professor Chi-Kei Wong at the University of Hong Kong’s LKS Faculty of Medicine was the first in the world to use medical big data to validate the hypothesis that there is a slight increase in the risk of myocarditis following the BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. Our findings provided strong empirical support and formed a solid scientific basis for public health policy, directly influencing the government’s decisions on adolescent vaccination.

More recently, my small team conducted the world’s first cohort study revealing a minor association between a highly effective antipsychotic drug and the risk of hematologic malignancy (blood cancer). This research offers a scientific foundation for revising medication guidelines. Each of these studies is of great significance, closely tied to medication safety and patient well-being.

These projects were meticulously designed by our team and took considerable time to complete. But imagine if AI, under the careful supervision of researchers, could learn from our work—absorbing our analytical code and study designs—and automate these processes. The efficiency gains would be enormous, and the scientific foundation for medication safety could be rapidly strengthened. The potential benefits for patient welfare and public health are truly exciting. So yes, I hope to be replaced. Surpass us, AI!”

13 January 2025
Professor Lai Tsz Tsun Francisco
Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy
Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine
The University of Hong Kong

https://www.med.hku.hk/zh-hk/media/knowledge-exchange/newspaper-columns/2025/jan/am730_20250113

報刊專欄 (am730) - 公共大數據在醫療研究中的應用：改變臨床實踐和政策的力量
Newspaper Article (am730) - The Application of Public Big Data in Medical Research: Transforming Clinical Practice and Policy

公共大數據在醫療研究中的應用：改變臨床實踐和政策的力量
隨著科技的進步，公共大數據在醫療研究中的應用愈來愈廣泛，並且正在深刻地改變臨床實踐和政策制訂。公共大數據是指從不同來源收集的大量健康相關數據，包括電子病歷、基因組數據、健康應用程式數據等。

首先，公共大數據的應用使得臨床實踐更加精準和個性化。通過分析大量患者數據，醫生可以更深入了解疾病的發展規律，從而制訂更有效的治療方案。例如，我們基於香港的醫療大數據，開發了不同可以幫助醫生預測某些疾病的高風險人群的預測工具，提前為患者進行干預。另外，基於大數據的分析更可優化用藥，從而提高治療效果，同時減低患者遇上副作用的風險。

其次，公共大數據在政策制訂中也發揮了重要作用。政府和醫療機構可以利用大數據來監測公共健康狀況，評估醫療政策的效果，並制訂更加科學合理的公共衛生政策。例如，在新冠疫情期間，香港政府委託我們進行全港性新冠疫苗大數據分析，此項分析幫助我們了解疫苗的成效及副作用。在疫情快速傳播之下，數據加強了我們對疫苗的了解，幫助制訂更有效及更安全的疫苗接種方案。

此外，公共大數據還促進了醫療研究的進步。研究人員可以通過分析大量數據，發現新的疾病標誌物，開發新的治療方法，從而推動醫療技術的創新。例如，香港政府近年開展的香港基因組計劃可幫助研究人員發現多種與疾病及藥效相關的基因變異，為精準醫療奠定基礎，為香港帶出創新的醫學發展。

總括而言，公共大數據在醫療研究中的應用不僅改變了臨床實踐，還對政策制訂產生深遠的影響。隨著數據技術的不斷發展，我們有理由相信，公共大數據在未來的醫療領域中將發揮愈來愈重要的作用，為人類健康帶來更多福祉，為香港帶來更多機遇。

2025年01月06日
黃志基教授及張正龍副教授
香港大學李嘉誠醫學院
藥理及藥劑學系

<刊載於《am730》>

The Application of Public Big Data in Medical Research: Transforming Clinical Practice and Policy
As technology advances, the use of public big data in medical research is becoming increasingly widespread, fundamentally reshaping clinical practice and policymaking. Public big data refers to vast collections of health-related information gathered from diverse sources, such as electronic medical records, genomic databases, and health app data.

First, public big data is driving more precise and personalized clinical practices. By analyzing extensive patient datasets, doctors can better understand disease patterns and tailor more effective treatment plans. For instance, leveraging Hong Kong’s Healthcare Big Data, researchers have developed predictive tools that help clinicians identify high-risk groups for certain diseases, enabling earlier interventions. Moreover, data-driven insights optimize medication use, enhancing treatment outcomes while minimizing the risk of adverse side effects.

Second, public big data plays a pivotal role in shaping health policy. Governments and healthcare institutions can harness these datasets to monitor public health trends, evaluate the impact of medical policies, and craft evidence-based public health strategies. A prime example is during the COVID-19 pandemic, when the Hong Kong government commissioned a territory-wide big data analysis of COVID-19 vaccines. This analysis provided critical insights into vaccine efficacy and side effects, enabling more effective and safer vaccination strategies amid rapid disease spread.

Furthermore, public big data is accelerating medical research breakthroughs. By analyzing large-scale datasets, researchers can identify new disease markers and develop innovative treatments, pushing the boundaries of medical technology. For example, Hong Kong’s recent genome project has enabled researchers to uncover genetic variations linked to diseases and treatment responses, laying the groundwork for precision medicine and fostering cutting-edge medical advancements in the region.

In summary, the application of public big data in medical research is transforming both clinical practice and policymaking. As data technologies continue to evolve, there is every reason to believe that public big data will play an increasingly vital role in healthcare, delivering greater benefits to human health and unlocking new opportunities for Hong Kong’s medical landscape.

6 January 2025
Professor Wong Chi Kei Ian & Professor Cheung Ching Lung
Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy
Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine
The University of Hong Kong

https://www.med.hku.hk/zh-hk/media/knowledge-exchange/newspaper-columns/2025/jan/am730_20250106